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Information About India

‘India’ name is obtained from Indus and Indus is obtained from Old Persian word called Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu which is the historic local designation for Indus River. Constitution of India, with its regular usage in different Indian languages, also distinguishes ‘Bharat’ as the official name and given equal status. Name Bharat is obtained from name of well-known king Bharata of Hindu scriptures. Hindustan, initially Persian word intended for “Land of Hindus” referring northern India, is rarely employed as synonym.

India has 28 states named Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Orissa, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim,
Tripura, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. There are 7 union territories named Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Chandigarh, Dadra - Nagar Haveli, Puducherry, Lakshadweep and Territory of Delhi.

Constitution of India is the greatest and most comprehensive amongst the constitutions in the world. It came into power on 26th January 1950. The preamble of constitution describes India as sovereign, secular, socialist and democratic republic. India has bicameral parliament which operates under Westminster parliamentary system. Its government form was conventionally described as 'quasi-federal' with tough centre with weaker states, although it has more and more become federal since late 1990s because of economic, political, and social changes.

The head of the state is President of India, elected obliquely by Electoral College for 5 -year term. Prime Minister is head of the government and has most executive power. Appointed by President, Prime Minister is through reunion, supported by political or party alliance holding bulk of seats in Parliament’s lower house. The executive branch has President, Vice-President with Council of Ministers led by Prime Minister. Any minister sharing a portfolio should be member of house of parliament. In Indian parliamentary system, executive is lower to legislature, with Prime Minister as well as his Council being openly responsible for Parliament’s lower house.

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